Book Chapters
(B1) M.S.U. Khalid, F. Muhammad, “Computational modeling for vertical-axis wind turbines,” Distributed Small Wind Turbines, IET Press, 2025.
Journal Publications
Under Review/Submitted:
(J48) D. Nayak, A. Tarokh, and M.S.U. Khalid, "Comparative Investigations on Active and Passive Tails of Undulating Swimmers", under review, 2025. [Preprint]
(J47) H. Farooq, I. Akhtar, M.S.U. Khalid, and H.M. Sheikh, "Optimized fish locomotion using design-by-morphing and Bayesian optimization", under review, 2025. [Preprint]
(J46) H. Wang, F. Muhammad, and M.S.U. Khalid, "Evolving vortex dynamics around pitching wings with and without leading-edge tubercles during dynamic stall at a high Reynolds number", under review, 2025. [Preprint]
(J45) M. Kamran, A. Fardi, C. Li, and M.S.U. Khalid, "On the role of morphology, kinematics, and spatial arrangements of biological swimmers for dynamics of odors in the wake", under review, 2025. [Preprint]
(J44) O. Erkan, M. Özkan, Y. Çelik, and M.S.U. Khalid, "Taguchi-based multi-factor analysis of self-starting behavior in vertical axis wind turbine farms", under review, 2025. [Preprint]
(J43) H. Wang and M.S.U. Khalid, “Evolving vortex dynamics around a pitching wing for dynamic stall at a high Reynolds number,” under review, 2025. [Preprint]
(J42) F. Muhammad, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Vortex-induced rotational oscillations of a circular cylinder,” under review, 2025. [Preprint]
Published/In Press:
(J41) P. Portocarrero, A. Gungor, S. Verma, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “Three-dimensional wake instabilities behind side-by-side foils at a moderate Reynolds number,” International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, 117: 110050., 2026. [Publication Link]
(J40) D. Thakur, F. Muhammad, and M.S.U. Khalid, "How Does Energy Harvesting from a Fluttering Foil Influence Its Nonlinear Dynamics?," Energies 2025, 18(15), 3897, 2025. [Publication Link]
(J39) A. Fardi, H. Farooq, I. Akhtar, and M.S.U. Khalid, "Characterizing the Role of Hind Flippers in Hydrodynamics of A Harbor Seal," Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 20: 046010, 2025. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J38) H. Farooq, I. Akhtar, A. Hemmati, and M.S.U. Khalid, "An accurate immersed-boundary method using radial-basis functions for incompressible flows," Journal of Computational Physics, 531: 113928, 2024. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J37) M. Kamran, A. Fardi, C. Li, and M.S.U. Khalid, "How does vortex dynamics help undulating bodies spread odor?", Physics of Fluids, 36; 111916, 2024. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J36) A. Gungor, S. Verma, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, "Ground effect-induced shear layer instability around oscillating foils," Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 999; A70, 2024. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J35) S. Verma, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, "Stability and characterization of secondary vortex evolution in wake of oscillating foils," Physics of Fluids, 36: 064106, 2024. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J34) A. Gungor, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, "Physics-informed scaling laws for the performance of pitching foils in schooling configurations," Proceedings of the Royal Society Interface, 21(216): 20240157, 2024. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J33) M.S.U. Khalid, P.S. Mendoza, D. Wood, and A. Hemmati, "On the aerodynamics of dual-stage co-axial vertical-axis wind turbines," Wind Engineering, 48(3): 408-424, 2023. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J32) H. Farooq, M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, and A. Hemmati, “Comparative Performance of Nonlinear Energy Harvesters through Strongly Coupled Fluid-Structure-Electrical Interactive Models,” Journal of Fluids and Structures, 121, 103957, 2023. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J31) S. Verma, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “On the Association of Kinematics, Spanwise Instability and Growth of Secondary Vortex Structures in the Wake of Oscillating Foils,” Proceedings of the Royal Society A, 479(2276): 20230353, 2023. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J30) G. Zhu, Y. Zhao, T. Zhang, M.S.U. Khalid, M.B. Liu, S. Zhang, Z.L. Zhang, “Micro-scale reconstruction and CFD-DEM simulation of proppant-laden flow in hydraulic fractures,” Fuel, 352: 129151, 2023. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J29) A. Saeed, H. Farooq, I. Akhtar, M.A. Tariq, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Deep-learning based reduced-order model for power generation capacity of flapping foils,” Biomimetics, 8(2): 237, 2023. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J28) Z. Zhang, C. Shu, Y. Liu, W. Liu, and M.S.U. Khalid, “An improved M-SPEM for modeling complex hydroelastic fluid-structure interaction problems,” Journal of Computational Physics, 488: 112233, 2023. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J27) J.M. Kelley, M.S.U. Khalid, Y. Pan, and H. Dong, “Geometric characteristics of flapping foils for enhanced propulsive efficiency,” Journal of Fluids Engineering, 145(6): 061104, 2023. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J26) M.S.U. Khalid, D. Wood, and A. Hemmati, “Self-starting characteristics and flow-induced rotation of multi-stage co-axial vertical-axis wind turbines,” Energies, 15(24): 9365, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J25) Z. Zhang, C. Shu, M.S.U. Khalid, Y. Liu, Z. Yuan, Q. Jiang, and W. Liu, “SPH modeling and investigation of cold spray additive manufacturing with multi-layer multi-track powders,” Journal of Manufacturing Processes, 84: 565–586, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J24) A. Gungor, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “Classifications of vortex patterns of oscillating foils in side-by-side configurations,” Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 951: A37, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J23) G. Zhu, Y. Zhao, Z. Wang, M.S.U. Khalid, and M.B. Liu, “Semi-resolved CFD-DEM simulation of fine particle migration with heat transfer in heterogeneous porous media,” International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 197: 123349, 2023. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J22) Z.L. Zhang, C. Shu, M.S.U. Khalid, Z. Chen, and W. Liu, “Investigations on the hydroelastic slamming of deformable wedges by using the smoothed particle element method,” Journal of Fluids and Structures, 114: 103732, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J21) H. Farooq, M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, and A. Hemmati, “Nonlinear response of passively flapping airfoils,” Ocean Engineering, 261: 112071, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J20) H. Farooq, M. Ghommem, M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, “Numerical investigation of hydrodynamic performance of flapping foils for energy harvesting.” Ocean Engineering, 260: 112005, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J19) M. Temesgen, M.S.U. Khalid, D. Wood, and B.T. Admasu, “Some effects of turbine inertia on the starting performance of vertical-axis hydrokinetic turbine,” Ocean Engineering, 252: 111143, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J18) T. Asim, I. Sheikh, A. Hemmati, and M.S.U. Khalid, “A review of recent advancements in offshore wind turbines technology,” Energies, 15(2): 579, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J17) S. Verma, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “On association of lift generation, wake topology and kinematics of oscillating foils,” International Journal of Micro Air Vehicles, 14: 17568293211073959, 2022. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J16) A. Gungor, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “How does switching synchronization of pitching parallel foils from out-of-phase to in-phase change their wake dynamics?”, Physics of Fluids, 33: 081901, 2021. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J15) M.S.U. Khalid, J. Wang, I. Akhtar, A. Hemmati, H. Dong, and M.B. Liu, “Larger wavelengths suit the hydrodynamics of carangiform swimmers,” Physical Review Fluids, 6: 073101, 2021 (featured as an Editors’ Suggestion). [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J14) Z.L. Zhang, M.S.U. Khalid, T. Long, M.B. Liu, and C. Shu, “Improved element-particle coupling strategy with δ-SPH and particle shifting for modeling sloshing with rigid or deformable structures,” Applied Ocean Research, 114: 102774, 2021. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J13) M.S.U. Khalid, J. Wang, I. Akhtar, A. Hemmati, H. Dong, and M.B. Liu, “Why do anguilliform swimmers undulate their bodies with wavelengths shorter than their bodylengths?”, Physics of Fluids, 33(3): 031911, 2021 (featured as the Editor’s Pick). [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J12) M.S.U. Khalid, J. Wang, I. Akhtar, H. Dong, and M.B. Liu, “Modal Decompositions of the Kinematics of Crevalle Jack and the Fluid-Caudal Fin Interaction,” Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 16: 016018, 2020. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J11) M.S.U. Khalid, J. Wang, H. Dong, and M.B. Liu, “Flow transitions and mappings for undulatory swimmers,” Physical Review Fluids, 5(6): 063104, 2020. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J10) M. Usman, M. Hamid, M.S.U. Khalid, R.U. Haq, and M.B. Liu, “A robust scheme based on novel-operational matrices for some classes of time-fractional nonlinear problems arising in mechanics and mathematical physics,” Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 36(6): 1566–1600, 2020. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J9) Z.L Zhang, M.S.U. Khalid, T. Long, J.Z. Chang, and M.B. Liu, “Investigations on sloshing mitigation using elastic baffles by coupling smoothed finite element method and decoupled finite particle method,” Journal of Fluid and Structures, 94: 102942, 2020. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J8) M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, and B.W. Wu, “Quantification of flow noise produced by an oscillating hydrofoil,” Ocean Engineering, 171: 377–390, 2019. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J7) R. Salzar, G. Taylor, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Abdelkefi, “Optimal design and energy harvesting performance of carangiform fish-like robotic system,” Smart Material and Structures, 27: 075045, 2018. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J6) M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, H. Dong, N. Ahsan, X. Jiang, and B. Wu, “Bifurcations and route to chaos for flow over an oscillating airfoil,” Journal of Fluids and Structures, 80: 262–274, 2018. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J5) M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, H. Imtiaz, H. Dong, and B. Wu, “On the hydrodynamics and nonlinear interaction between fish in tandem,” Ocean Engineering, 157(C): 108–120, 2018. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J4) M.S.U. Khalid and I. Akhtar, “Nonlinear reduced-order models for aerodynamic lift produced by oscillating airfoils”, Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics, 12(5): 051019, 2017. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J3) M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, and H. Dong, “Hydrodynamics of a tandem fish school with asynchronous undulation of individuals,” Journal of Fluids and Structures, 66: 19–35, 2016. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J2) M.S.U. Khalid, T. Rabbani, I. Akhtar, N. Durrani, and M.S. Siddiqui, “Reduced-order modeling of torque on a vertical-axis wind turbine at varying tip-speed ratios,” Journal of Computation and Nonlinear Dynamics, 10(4): 041012, 2015. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
(J1) M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, and N. Durrani, “Analysis of Strouhal number based equivalence of pitching and plunging airfoils and wake deflection,” Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering, 229(8): 1423–1434, 2015. [Preprint] [Publication Link]
Conference Papers & Presentations
(C33) D. Thakur and M.S.U. Khalid, “Influence of the span of fluttering wings on their energy harvesting performance”, abstract submitted for the Canadian Wind Energy Research Network (CWERN) Meeting, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2025.
(C32) F. Muhammad and M.S.U. Khalid, “Effect of geometric parameters of blades on the selfstarting performance of vertical-axis wind turbines”, abstract submitted for the Canadian Wind Energy Research Network (CWERN) Meeting, Toronto, ON, Canada, 2025.
(C31) Z. Maleksabit, M. Kamran, A. Tarokh and M.S.U. Khalid, “Examining the vortex dynamics from burst-and-coast motion of an anguiliform swimmer”, abstract submitted for 14th International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena (TSFP13), Heidelberg, Germany, 2026.
(C30) M. Zougari, F. Muhammad and M.S.U. Khalid, “An innovative design of modular wind turbine”, abstract submitted for Torque 2026, Bruges, Belgium, 2026.
(C29) H. Farooq, I. Akhtar, and M.S.U. Khalid, “A radial basis functions interpolation integrated sharp-interface immersed-boundary method,” 22nd International Bhurbhan Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST), Islamabad, Pakistan, 2025.
(C28) A. Fardi and M.S.U. Khalid, “Which swimmer is noisier in water? Eel or Jackfish?” The 7th Symposium on Fluid Structure-Sound Interactions and Control, Oshawa / Toronto, ON, Canada, 2025.
(C27) M. Kamran, C. Li, and M.S.U. Khalid, “On the role of physiology and kinematics of biological swimmers to spread and suppress their odors in the wake”, The Canadian Society of Mechanical Engineers (CSME) Congress, Montreal, Canada, 2025.
(C26) M. Kamran and M.S.U. Khalid, “Coupled vortex-odor interactions in fish swimming for underwater sensing,” Science and Environmental Studies Biotechnology and Allied Sciences Symposium (SESBASS), Thunder Bay, ON, Canada, 2025.
(C25) A. Khan, I. Akhtar, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Enhancing thrust in flapping airfoils through wake interactions with an oscillating cylinder, 6th International Conference on Robotics and Automation in Industry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 2024.
(C24) A. Gungor, S. Verma, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “On the correspondence of ground effect and three dimensionality in the wake of parallel oscillating foils”,13th International Symposium on Turbulence and Shear Flow Phenomena (TSFP13), Montreal, Canada, 2024.
(C23) H. Farooq, I. Akhtar, A. Hemmati, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Design of bio-inspired energy harvested through strongly coupled computational techniques,” Science and Environmental Studies Biotechnology and Allied Sciences Symposium (SESBASS), Thunder Bay, ON, Canada, 2023.
(C22) A. Hemmati, A. Gungor, M.S.U. Khalid, and S. Verma,“How does ground effect impact the formation of three dimensional instabilities in the wake of parallel oscillating foils?”, 76th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society (APS) Division of Fluid Dynamics, Washington, DC, USA, 2023.
(C21) A. Gungor, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati,“Physics-based scaling laws for collective swimmers”, 76th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society (APS) Division of Fluid Dynamics, Washington, DC, USA, 2023.
(C20) S. Verma, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “On association of wake topology and lift generation of oscillating foil in coupled motion,” Canadian Society of Mechanical Engineers (CSME) Congress, Edmonton, Canada, 2022.
(C19) H. Farooq, M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, and A. Hemmati, “Micro power generators based on semi-passive oscillations of airfoils,” Canadian Society of Mechanical Engineers (CSME) Congress, Edmonton, Canada, 2022.
(C18) A.U.M. Hashmi, F. Butt, I. Akhtar, and M.S.U. Khalid, “On the effect of control temperature location on datacenter power consumption using numerical analysis,” ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM), Toronto, Canada, 2022.
(C17) W. Siddiqui, Z. Abbas, I. Akhtar, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Nusselt number dependence on aspect ratio and Rayleigh Number: A numerical study of Rayleigh-Benard instability,” ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM), Toronto, Canada, 2022.
(C16) A. Gungor, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “Effect of phase difference on wake and propulsive performance characteristics of pitching foils in side-by-side configuration,” ASME Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting (FEDSM), Toronto, Canada, 2022.
(C15) A. Gungor, M.S.U. Khalid, and A. Hemmati, “The physical mechanism behind the wake merging phenomena of pitching foils in side-by-side arrangement,” 74th Annual Meeting of the American Physical Society (APS) Division of Fluid Dynamics, Phoenix, Arizona, USA, 2021.
(C14) R. Salzar, G. Taylor, M.S.U.Khalid, and A. Abdelkefi, “Insights on the piezoelectric energy harvesting performance of carangiform fish-like robotic systems,” ASME Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems, San Antonio, TX, USA, 2018.
(C13) R. Shahab, A.A. Aamir, M.S.U. Khalid, and A.U. Haq, “Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics based design of an underwater vehicle,” 15th International Bhurbhan Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2018.
(C12) M.A. Naseem, E. Uddin, M.S.U. Khalid, A. Mubashar, and S.R. Shah, “Investigation of the flow around uncambered airfoils at 1000 Reynolds number using computational fluid dynamics for micro air vehicles,” World Engineering Congress on Advances in Structural Engineering and Mechanics, Seoul, South Korea, 2017.
(C11) S.M. Abdullah, A. Abdullah⋆, A. Shahzad⋆, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Aerodynamics of a flying wing UAV with backward facing stepped wing profile,” 14th International Bhurbhan Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2017.
(C10) M.S.U. Khalid and I. Akhtar, “Nonlinear reduced-order models for lift of oscillating airfoils,” ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2016.
(C9) H. Zaidi, I. Akhtar, S.I. Majeed, T. Zaidi, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Nonlinear Characterization of Heart Rate Variability in Normal Sinus Rhythm, Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure,” ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Phoenix, AZ, USA, 2016.
(C8) M.S.U. Khalid, I. Akhtar, H. Dong, and N. Ahsan, “Nonlinear characterization of flow over oscillating elliptic airfoils,” 45th Fluid Dynamics Conference, AIAA Aviation Forum, Dallas, TX, USA, 2015.
(C7) H. Imtiaz, I. Akhtar, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Proper orthogonal decomposition closure models for Burgers and Navier-Stokes equations,” 22nd Computational Fluid Dynamics Conference, AIAA Aviation Forum, Dallas, TX, USA, 2015.
(C6) T. Rabbani, M.S.U. Khalid, I.Akhtar, and M.S. Siddiqui, “Reduced order modeling of loads on a vertical-axis wind turbine,” 11th IEEE International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences & Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan, 2014.
(C5) K. Nazir, I. Akhtar, N. Durrani, and M.S.U. Khalid, “Numerical study to analyze the effects of hot/cold aisle configurations on heat transfer phenomenon in a data center,” ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, San Diego, CA, USA, 2013.
(C4) M.S.U. Khalid and I. Akhtar, “Characteristics of flow past a symmetric airfoil at low Reynolds number, A nonlinear perspective,” ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Houston, TX, USA, 2012.
(C3) N. Qazi, M.S.U. Khalid, and I. Akhtar, “GPU-based simulations to analyze the effect of heat source in mixed convection,” ASME International Mechanical Engineering Congress & Exposition, Houston, TX, USA, 2012.
(C2) M.A. Malik, M.S.U. Khalid, and F. Barlas, “Modeling & simulation of kinematics for an active flapping and pitching mechanism,” World Congress on Engineering, London, UK, 2010.
(C1) M.S.U. Khalid and M.A. Malik, “Modeling & simulation of supersonic flow using McCormack’s technique,” World Congress on Engineering, London, UK, 2009.